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NVD

National Vulnerability Database - U.S. government repository of standards-based vulnerability data.

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About

The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) represents the U.S. government's comprehensive repository of standards-based vulnerability management data. Maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NVD serves as the authoritative source for vulnerability information used by security professionals worldwide.

The database leverages the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming standard to provide consistent identification of vulnerabilities across different platforms and vendors. Each entry includes detailed technical information, impact assessments, and remediation guidance. NVD enhances CVE records with additional metadata including Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) scores, weakness categorization, and configuration applicability statements.

What distinguishes NVD from other vulnerability databases is its rigorous analysis process and government backing. NIST analysts review each vulnerability entry to ensure accuracy and completeness. The database includes comprehensive search capabilities, allowing users to filter by vendor, product, vulnerability type, severity score, and publication date. NVD also provides machine-readable data feeds in JSON and XML formats for automated integration.

Security teams across government agencies, private enterprises, and research institutions rely on NVD for vulnerability management programs. The database supports compliance frameworks including FISMA, NIST Cybersecurity Framework, and various industry standards. Organizations use NVD data to prioritize patching efforts, conduct risk assessments, and maintain security baselines.

Key features include:

  • CVE-based vulnerability records with detailed technical descriptions
  • CVSS scoring for standardized severity assessment
  • Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) categorization
  • Configuration applicability using Common Platform Enumeration (CPE)
  • Machine-readable data feeds for automated processing
  • Advanced search capabilities with multiple filter options

NVD integrates with numerous commercial and open-source vulnerability scanners, security information and event management (SIEM) systems, and threat intelligence platforms. The database receives regular updates as new vulnerabilities are discovered and analyzed. This continuous maintenance ensures organizations have access to current threat information for effective cybersecurity decision-making.